摘要
目的 探讨应用微创胸骨下段“L”形小切口不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植治疗三支血管病变的有效性及安全性,并总结应用此技术的手术适应证及关键技术.方法 2013年3月至2013年7月,连续为80例三支血管病变需行冠状动脉旁路移植(CABG)者进行了微创胸骨下段”L”形小切口不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术.其中,男56例,女24例;年龄(63.22±9.44)岁;32例合并左主干病变;需行旁路移植的中间支病变26例;高起源钝缘支58例.合并急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死14例,其中前壁5例,下壁6例,侧壁3例;非ST段抬高型心肌梗死8例.术前不稳定心绞痛58例,术前因不能控制心绞痛放置主动脉内球囊反搏8例.心功能Ⅱ级34例,Ⅲ级23例,Ⅳ级23例;左心室射血分数0.68±0.08,左心室舒张末期内径(46.67±4.47) mm.合并慢性阻塞性肺部疾病11例,慢性肾功能不全7例,脑部出血或梗塞性疾病5例,外周血管病变6例.术前PCI 6例.术前升主动脉内径(34.50±6.73) mm,合并严重钙化14例.均采用全麻气管插管或喉插管麻醉.均采用胸骨下段“L”形小切口,有中间支或高起源钝缘支需旁路移植,则从2~3肋间横断1/2胸骨,无则从3~4肋间横断.用微创取乳内动脉撑开器取左侧乳内动脉,腔镜取大隐静脉.5例年龄小于60岁患者取桡动脉与左乳内动脉(LIMA)先行“Y”形吻合备用.“人”字形打开心包,早期用心脏组织固定器,后期用微创心脏组织固定器(MEDOS StableV1)固定心脏,先行LIMA至前降支(LAD)吻合,后分别行回旋支或右冠状动脉旁路移植,悬吊心包暴露升主动脉用Heart-string辅助行旁路血管与升主动脉吻合.最后行中间支或高起源钝缘支旁路移植,近端则采用“Y”形吻合.结果 全组80例.2~3肋间横断“L”形切口78例,3~4肋间横断2例,平均切口长度(14.96±1.42) cm.无改行全胸骨切口或改行体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植病例.全组手术时间(205.42 ±32.17) min,旁路移植血管(3.01±0.47)支,LIMA至LAD旁路80支,至右冠状动脉(RCA)及其分支70支,到左回旋支(LCX)及其分支65支,到中间支26支.62例(77.5%,62/80)未输血.术后(20.41±11.08)h拔除气管插管,监护(4.23±2.11)天.术后(11.50 ±3.21)天治愈出院.无围手术期心肌梗死或再次开胸止血,无伤口感染或胸骨哆开等严重并发症.术后新发心房颤动28例.1例80岁女患者,术后4天因睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、呼吸道阻塞引起呼吸心脏骤停死亡.全部出院患者随访3~6个月,无心绞痛复发和死亡,2例因心功能不全、肺部感染再次入院.结论 胸骨下段微创“L”形小切口不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗三支血管病变有效、安全,是微创旁路移植治疗三支血管病变的有效方法.此技术能完成包括回旋支在内的所有冠状动脉靶血管的旁路移植吻合,合理选择病例和术者,足够的全胸骨劈开不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植手术经验是确保手术成功的关键.
Objective To evaluate the feasibility and safety of a novel,minimally invasive surgical approach with ministernotomy for off-pump coronary revascularization in triple-vessel disease,propose the operational indications and key technique.Methods Between March 2013 and Jul 2013,a series of 80 patients with triple-vessel disease underwent a minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass through the mini-sternotomy,which included the lower half of the mini-sternotomy (reversed L-shaped division of the sternum) and the off-pump beating heart technique.Results The operations were completed without conversion to full sternotomy or to cardiopulmonary bypass.There were only one death in the perioperative period.The mean length of the skin incision was(14.96 ± 1.42) cm.The mean operative time was(205.42 ±32.17) minutes.The mean number of grafts was (3.01 ± 0.47).The pulsatile index was 3.2 ± 1.8.Hemoglobin levels slightly decreased from (124.6 ± 15.7) g/dl to(97.9 ± 13.4) g/L postoperatively.18 patients(29%) required red blood cell transfusion.The mean respiratory time was(20.41 ± 11.08) hours.The mean intensive care unit stay was (4.23 ± 2.11) days.Conclusion The mini-sternotomy for off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in triple-vessel disease is feasible and safe,with excellent procedural and short-term outcomes.Most patients with triple-vessel disease would be effectively and safely revascularized with this technique.
出处
《中华胸心血管外科杂志》
CSCD
2015年第2期74-78,共5页
Chinese Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
基金
北京市医院管理局临床医学发展专项经费资助(XM201312)