小型无人倾转旋翼机气动与操纵特性试验研究

Testing study on aerodynamics and control characteristics of a small unmanned tilt rotor

由于倾转旋翼机飞行模式多,各部件气动干扰复杂且操纵面冗余,特别是倾转过渡模式,短舱带动旋翼系统倾转,结构布局发生改变,从理论上确定气动与操纵特性难度大。为了研究倾转旋翼机的气动与操纵特性,对某小型无人倾转旋翼机展开全尺寸、全模式吹风试验,其中不带动力试验主要用于研究倾转旋翼机在不同迎角、短舱倾角、前飞速度等飞行状态下的气动特性;带动力试验主要用于研究倾转旋翼机不同飞行模式带机翼与不带机翼时,旋翼/机翼/襟副翼相互干扰作用,以及总距、副翼、升降舵的操纵功效。根据试验数据推导出小型无人倾转旋翼机全包线飞行的操纵特性方法,对进一步完善倾转旋翼机设计以及试飞试验的成功提供了参考。

It is very difficult to determine the aerodynamics and control characteristics theo-retically for tiltrotor aircraft because of multi-flight modes,complexity of aerodynamic interac-tions,and redundancy of control surfaces.Especially for the tilting flight mode,the layout of the aircraft is transformed between the helicopter mode and the fixed-wing airplane mode with the na-celle driven rotor system tilting.In order to investigate the aerodynamics and control characteris-tics,the full-span and full-envelop flight modes of a small unmanned tilt rotor are tested in wind-tunnel prior to flight.The un-powered test is mainly determining the flight characteristics with different attack angles,nacelle angles and forward speeds.The powered test is focused on the aerodynamic interactions among rotor,wing and flaperon wing,with and without wings,as well as the efficacy manipulation of the collective aileron and elevator.According to the experimental data,the full-envelop flight control characteristics for the tiltrotor is deduced,improves aircraft designing,and provides a priori knowledge for successful flight tests.