关于高校教科书“田径运动”定义的思考

A thought about the definition of the concept of “track and field sports” in college texkbooks

对近些年来我国出版的多个版本的田径运动教科书中给田径运动概念所下的定义提出不同看法,认为用《田径竞赛规则》中所写的"田径运动包括径赛和田赛、公路跑、竞走、越野跑和山地赛跑"作为田径运动的定义写入教科书不妥。《国际田联章程》中并没有给田径运动下定义,而只是对田径竞技包含的项目做了简要说明。外国只有"田径竞技"这个概念,而没有"田径运动"这个概念。中国的田径运动这个概念虽然翻译自外国(最初翻译为田径赛),但发展至今,中国的田径运动与外国的田径竞技已存在区别。在高等学校教科书中给概念下定义,必须遵循逻辑学关于给概念下定义的方法与规则并符合中国的实际情况。田径运动是走、跑、跳、投的身体运动,包括田径竞技运动和田径健身运动。

The authors put forward a different opinion on the definition given to the concept of track and field sportsby multiple versions of track and field textbooks published in China in recent years, believed that it was inappropriateto write such a content written in Track and Field Competition Rules as “track and field sports include tracksports and field sports, road running, walking race, cross-country running and mountain running” into the textbooksas the definition of track and field sports. The Constitution of IAAF did not give a definition to track and fieldsports, but concisely described events included in athletics. In foreign countries, there is only such a concept as“athletics”, but no such a concept as “track and field sports”. Although such a concept as Chinese track and fieldsports was translated from a foreign language （originally translated as track and field competition）, there have beendifferences between Chinese track and field sports and foreign athletics as they develop up to this day. Giving adefinition to a concept in a college textbook must follow concept defining methods and rules set in logic and conformto the actual circumstances of China. Track and field sports are the body movements of walking, running, jumpingand throwing, including competitive track and field sports and fitness track and field sports.