不同位置篮球运动员体能的特征及训练

Stamina characteristics and training of players at different positions in basketball

篮球运动员的体能训练已成为篮球训练体系中重要的组成部分,和技战术训练结合紧密,是比赛中技战术运用的基础保障。篮球比赛位置分工的存在和技战术特点的不同,使不同位置的运动员的体能特征存在差异,体能训练应有针对性:中锋应以提高对抗性力量为主,突出大肌群训练;前锋应以提高短距离速度能力和爆发力为主,同时重视小肌群训练;后卫应在提高快速反应能力和协调能力的基础上,加强爆发性速度力量训练。

Basketball players’ stamina training has become an important constituent part of the basketball trainingsystem; it is closely combined with technical and tactical training; it is the basic assurance for technical and tacticalapplication in competition. The existence of position division in basketball games and the differences in technicaland tactical characteristics make the differences in stamina characteristics of players at different positions; whilestamina training is improved comprehensively, action-specific training should be carried out according to players’different positions： a center player should focus mainly on contest power, emphasize large muscle group training; aforward player should focus mainly on enhancing short distance speed ability and explosive power, and also valuesmall muscle group training; a guard player should strengthen explosive speed and power training on the basis ofenhancing quick responding ability and coordinating ability.