新疆16种草原蝗虫生活型的划分初探

Preliminary Study on Division of Sixteen Species of the Life Form of Steppe Grasshoppers in Xinjiang

以新疆16种草原蝗虫作为研究对象,利用聚类分析和主成分分析方法,明确了16种蝗虫的生活型,并深入探讨了生活型的判定性状。结果表明,依据蝗虫雌、雄性个体大小,可将16种蝗虫划分为大、中、小型3个类群,其中亚洲飞蝗(Locusta migratoria migratoria L.)为大型类群,意大利蝗(Calliptamus italicus L.)、蓝斑翅蝗(Oedipoda caerulescens L.)、伪星翅蝗(Metromerus coelesyriensis G.-T.)、黑条小车蝗(Oedaleus decorus decorus Germar)、瘤背束颈蝗(Sphingonotus salinus Pallas)、石砾束颈蝗(Sphingonotus maculatus petraeus Bei-Bienko)、黑腿星翅蝗(Calliptamus barbarus Costa)7种蝗虫为中型类群,西伯利亚蝗(Gomphocerus sibiricusL.)、小米纹蝗(Notostaurus albicornis albicornis Ev.)、白边雏蝗(Chorthippus albomarginatus albomarginatus De Geer)、红胫戟纹蝗(Dociostaurus kraussi Ingen.)、草原异爪蝗(Euchorthippus pulvinatus F.-W.)、欧亚草地蝗(Stenobothrus eurasius Zubovski)、肿脉蝗(Stauroderus scalaris scalaris F.-W.)7种蝗虫为小型类群;仅小垫尖翅蝗(Epacromius tergestinus tergestinus Charpentier)雌、雄性存在较大差异,雄性归为小型类群,雌性归为中型类群。依据蝗虫的体宽、体宽与体高的比值、颜顶角为主要性状,可将16种蝗虫划分为4种生活型,其中瘤背束颈蝗、亚洲飞蝗为地栖性;意大利蝗、蓝斑翅蝗、伪星翅蝗、黑条小车蝗、石砾束颈蝗、黑腿星翅蝗为植栖偏地栖型;小米纹蝗、红胫戟纹蝗为地栖偏植栖型;草原异爪蝗、肿脉蝗、白边雏蝗、小垫尖翅蝗、西伯利亚蝗、欧亚草地蝗为植栖型。颜顶角可作为划分蝗虫生活型的重要性状。

In this paper,sixteen species of grasshopper in Xinjiang were researched,the cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to definite their life forms and deeply discuss the j udgment characters of life forms.The results showed that sixteen species grasshoppers were divided into three groups by size characters.The large size group only one species L.migratoria migratoria L.;medium size group,including C.italicus L.,O.caerulescens L.,M.coelesyriensis G.‐T.,O.decorus decorus Germar,S. salinus Pallas,S.maculatus petraeus Bei‐Bienko,C.barbarus Costa,O.G.,and small size group,including G.sibiricus sibiricus L.,N.albicornis albicornis Ev.,C.albomarginatus albomarginatus De Geer,D. kraussi Ingenitskii,E.pulvinatus F.‐W.,S.eurasius Zubovski,S.scalaris scalaris F.‐W..Only E.tergesti‐nus tergestinus Charpetier had differences between male and female,male belong to small size group,fe‐male belong to medium size group.The life form of Xinjiang steppe grasshoppers were mainly divided by the characters of graceful width,ratio between graceful width and graceful height,fastiguim,which can be divided into 4 types.For example,the terricoles were L.migratoria migratoria L.and S.salinus Pallas,the planticoles were E.pulvinatus F.‐ W.,S.scalaris scalaris F.‐W.,C.albomarginatus albomarginatus De Geer,E.tergestinus tergestinus Charpentier,G.sibiricus sibiricus L.,S.eurasius Zubovski;plant‐terricoles were C.italicus L.,O.caerulescens L.,M.coelesyriensis G.‐T.,O.decorus decorus Germar,S.maculatus petraeus Bei‐Bienko,C.barbarus Costa,O.G.;the terri‐plantcoles were N.albicorni salbicornis Ev.,D. kraussi ingenitskii.The fastigium was the important charcter for dividing the life forms of grasshoppers.