质量安全主体责任实现的政策设计——基于广东电梯安全监管改革的案例分析

The Policy Design of Quality Safety Responsibity Implementation:Case Study Based on the Guangdong Elevator Safety Regulatory Reform

电梯安全涉及利益主体众多,责任主体不明、责任落实不到位是电梯安全监管的主要问题。广东电梯改革提出了使用管理权者首负责任的监管模式:使用管理权者要对电梯事故承担首要的赔付责任;将电梯的定期检验与政府的监督检验分离,并将电梯维保资质的审批让渡给电梯制造企业,使其承担了维保的首要责任;引入了电梯安全责任保险制度使电梯安全风险通过市场竞争得到了充分披露。通过这一改革有效解决了原有电梯安全监管模式中存在的主要问题。广东电梯改革对于我国质量监管体制改革的一般性启示是,减少对市场主体权利的约束能够形成良好的内在质量激励以及形成强大的质量责任约束。

Elevator safety involving many stakeholders,which result in the problem that the main responsibility is unknown and the implement of responsibility is not in place.Guangdong elevator reform proposed a model of first responsibility by management right:use management authority should bear the first responsibility for the payment of elevator accident;the separation of supervision and regular checks,and elevator maintenance qualification approval transfer to the elevator manufacturing enterprises,make them bear the primary responsibility maintenance;mechanism into the elevator safety liability insurance system makes the elevator safety risk to the market has been full disclosure.Through this reform Guangdong effectively solves the main problems existing in the original elevator safety supervision mode.The general enlightenment of Guangdong elevator reform for the reform of quality supervision system in our country is that reducing the constraints of quality rights will form the inherent quality incantive and good quality liability constraint.