信息结构、次话题和汉语宾语的分析问题

On the Information Structure,Subtopic and Analytic Problems of Chinese Objects

对信息结构的新近研究作出简要述评,特别评论Mary Dalrymlpe&Irina Nikolaeva(2011)的研究。联系篇章因素,认为汉语宾语在表达焦点和话题上存在复杂情况,在汉语一般宾语位置上也存在次话题(subtopic),并提出若干根据。汉语在信息结构和句法结构接口上存在重要限制条件。话题显著度有两个要素:定指和非定指;生命度等级。通过初步的考察,认为汉语存在一个话题显著度的无标记等级序列模式,句子中的名词性成分或体词性成分,都具有话题性或话题性潜能,在无标记的情况下,语序中话题性高的往前排,话题性低的往后排。文章还提出了跟汉语宾语有关的需要进一步探索的一系列问题。

The paper comments on the latest research of information structure ,especially on the study of Mary Dalrymlpe & Irina Nikolaeva(2011) .Referring to the factor of discourse ,the article thinks that there are much more complicated situation in the expressions about focus and topic of Chi‐nese objects ,and also provides some pieces of evidence to prove that there are subtopics in the location of ordinary Chinese objects .There are some important constraints on the interface between informa‐tion structure and syntactic structure of Chinese .By elementary investigation , the article supposes that there is one unmarked hierarchical pattern of salient degree of topics in Chinese .T he nominal syn‐tactic elements all have the potential function of topicality .Under the situation of unmarkedness ,the elements of higher topicality are arranged ahead ,and relatively the ones of lower topicality are ar‐ranged behind .Finally ,the article proposes one series of problems about Chinese objects that should be explored in future .