科学与民主:从建构主义到宪政主义

Science and Democracy:From Constructivism to Constitutionalism

伴随着科学观从实证主义、建构主义到宪政主义的发展,科学与民主的关系也呈现出不同的面貌。默顿和波兰尼等致力于捍卫科学的自主性,并力证民主社会将为科学的蓬勃发展提供最佳的社会条件。夏平和谢弗等建构主义者把科学与民主之间的一致性从社会规范推进到生活形式的层次,主张科学的生活形式和民主的生活形式是同一历史进程的孪生子。宪政主义则要求在推动科学民主化的同时促成民主理念的"物质转向",科学的民主化从公众参与科学的诉求进展为要求自然出场,民主制度向科学实践的延伸也要求民主制度自身的变革和完善。

Along with the development of science view from positivism, constructivism to constitutionalism, the relationship between science and democracy presents different appearances. Polanyi and Merton committed to defend the autonomy of science, maintaining the democratic society provide the best conditions for the flourish of science. Constructivists including Shapin and Schaffer promoted the consistency between science and democracy from social norms to the forms of life, advocating the forms of life in science and the forms of life in democracy are twins of the same historical process. Constitutionalism demands facilitating the material turn of democratic ideas while prompting the democratization of science, which evolves from the appeal of public engagement to the requirement of natural progression to play, and the extending to scientific practice also requires the change and improvement of democratic system itself.