从常人理论看专家与公众对健康风险的认知差异

The Different Perceptions of Health Risk between Expertise and Public:A Lay Theory Perspective

专家与民众的风险认知差异,存在并影响着风险沟通的效果。本研究以甲型H1N1流感为例,从常人理论的视角探讨专家与公众的风险认知差异。研究发现,甲流期间专家与公众在"可控性"、"熟悉度"等方面存在风险认知差异;而这种认知差异的背后,是专家与公众"先前知识"、"判断结构"与"健康观念"等方面的不同。因此,专家与公众的鸿沟并非来自知识的落差,科学理论与常人理论的内在差异才是导致专家与公众风险认知差异的根源。

Risk communication is affected by the differences of risk perception between experts and the public. This study takes H1N1 Flu as an example to explore such differences from the perspec tive of lay theory. The results shows that the differences of risk perception between experts and public exist in controllability and familiarity, which are caused by the differences of prior knowl edge, judged structure and healthy notion. Thus the differences of risk perception between experts and public are not resulted from knowledge gap but from the inner differences between scientific theories and lay theories.