藏族《萨迦格言》与印度龙树格言诗关系研究

Relationships between Tibetan Sakyagnomic and Indian gnomic verses

格言诗是一种流传在西藏、历史悠久的文学体裁,兴于13世纪,格言诗作辈出,其中最具盛名和影响力的是《萨迦格言》《格丹格言》《水树格言》和《国王修身论》。《萨迦格言》是格言诗奠基之作,亦是格言诗不朽的丰碑。究其发展史,不难发现,2世纪产生于印度的格言诗对我国藏区格言诗的发展具有引领作用。《萨迦格言》是萨班·贡嘎坚赞模仿印度学者龙树大师的《百智论》《智能树》和《益世格言》等反映印度社会生活的格言诗名著,是萨班·贡嘎坚赞结合藏族本土文化特色而编写的一部格言诗。

Gnomic verse is a kind of literature with a long history,popular since the 13 th century.The most prestigious and influential gnomic verses are Sakya Gnomic Verses,Dgeldan Gnomic Verses,Gnomic Verses about Water and Tree and Moral Cultivation of Kings.Sakya Gnomic Verses not only lays a foundation for the gnomic verses but also a monumental work.It is easy to find that the Indian gnomic verses which arose in the 2nd century play a leading role in the development of Tibetan gnomic verses.This paper mainly studies the relationships between the Indian gnomic verses and the Tibetan gnomic verses by taking the Sakya Gnomic Verses and The Staff of Wisdom as an example,and it investigates the relationships from four aspects,including form,rhetorics,allusion and cultural thoughts.