激光精密切割圆弧和直线粗糙度差异分析与消除

Study on Kerf Roughness Differences between Line and Arc Analysis and Elimination of Laser Precision Cutting

采用Nd:YAG激光对0.5 mm厚的1060纯铝板进行圆弧和直线精密切割时,为消除圆弧和直线切口壁面的粗糙度差异问题,通过显微镜观察圆弧切缝壁面微观形貌,在此基础上建立圆弧简化的数学模型,导出了内、外圆弧壁面粗糙度公式。在相同切割参数下,重点分析切割半径对内、外圆弧和直线壁面粗糙度差异影响规律,结果表明,随切割半径增大,外圆弧壁面粗糙度增大,内圆弧壁面粗糙度减小;当切割半径R≤7 mm时,内、外圆弧粗糙度差异明显;切割半径R>7 mm时,两者粗糙度差异忽略不计。最后,先后利用响应曲面法(RSM)中最小值优化和目标值优化,获得圆弧和直线对应的工艺参数,实际切割测量后粗糙度近似一致,直线和圆弧粗糙度差异消除,此方法证明可行有效。

In this paper, arcs on the 0.5 mm pure thick aluminum（1060） sheet is cut precisely by Nd：YAG pulse laser, to eliminate roughness differences of laser cutting stencil, the microstructure of kerf results is obtained through microscope, which provides the basis to set up the simplified mathematical model. Formulas to estimate the kerf surface roughnesses of these arcs are presented, and the effect laws of radius size on the kerf surface roughnesses differences with the same cutting parameters are analyzed particularly. The results show that, with decreasing the radii of outside arc and inside arc, the kerf roughnesses are improved; when the radius R≤7 mm,the roughnesses of these two arcs are different significantly; when the radius R7 mm, the differences of these roughnesses almost disappear. At last, optimizing the kerf roughnesses of all shapes by response surface method（RSM） minimize optimization and target optimization respectively to obtain the cutting parameters, the roughnesses of all shapes cut by above cutting parameters are almost same, therefore this method eliminates the linear and circular roughness differences, which is feasible and effective.