研究生教育扩张、教育报酬与工资不均度--我国台湾地区的实证研究

The Expansion of Graduate Education,Returns to Higher Education and Wage Inequality:Empirical Study of Taiwan

本文探讨研究生教育扩张后,研究生教育报酬的组成与工资不平等的来源。本文设立大学毕业生与研究生两种劳动市场,并利用台湾"人力运用调查"数据进行实证分析。实证发现,研究生教育扩张对于两类劳动报酬均有显著的正向效果。高等教育劳动的工资不平等主要是两类劳动的组内不平等所致;世代效应是各组工资分配不平等的主要来源,惟年轻的研究生世代之不平等效果已减低。基于分配平等的观点,研究生教育扩张于社会整体有利。

The paper analyzes the distributive effect of the expansion of graduate education. We propose a model of two-type labor markets and use data from Manpower Utilization Survey to do empirical study. We find that the expansion of graduate education raises social returns to education for both types of labors. The overall inequality of wages of higher educational labors is mainly from within-group inequalities. Within each group, the cohort effect on wage inequality is significant, and it decreases for the younger cohorts of educated graduates. This implies that the expansion of graduate education is socially beneficial from the perspective of distribution.