形状记忆聚合物在生物医学领域的研究进展

Progress of Shape Memory Polymers in Biomedical Applications

形状记忆高分子材料已经成为一种新型的生物医用智能材料,它能够根据不同应用进行性能设计,以满足生物医学领域对材料多功能的要求。基于不同的应用,形状记忆聚合物材料可以提供适合的功能,例如:形状展开功能、形状固定及回复功能、形变回复率及回复力可控性能等。形状记忆高分子材料可以通过多种刺激,例如:热、光、电、磁等方式被激发,实现其生物医学功能。这些刺激可以通过直接接触或遥控的方式激发材料的性能。形状记忆高分子材料也可以经过设计,具有生物降解性能、生物相容性等。首先介绍了形状记忆聚合物材料的结构原理、性能及分类,并在此基础上根据不同生物医学领域的应用进行总结,同时针对不同的形状记忆性能在生物医学领域的应用进行探讨。最后对形状记忆聚合物材料的生物力学性能、灭菌方式对材料性能的影响等进行了总结。

Shape memory polymer has been a new bio-medical smart material. The performances of shape memory polymer can be tailored to meet the multi-requirements of biomedical area. Base on different applications, shape memory polymer can display a deployable property, shape fix and recovery property and controllable shape recovery velocity and shape recovery force. Many triggers can be used by direct or remote way to activate the shape memory properties such as heat, light, electronic, magnetic to achieve the biomedical functions. The shape memory polymers can also be designed to get the biodegradability , biocompatibility, and so on. This paper will review the structure, properties, classification of shape memory polymers and summarise the biomedical applications based on different medical fields and shape memory performances.