散养模式对蛋鸡健康与肉品质的影响

Effect of Free Roost Feeding on Health and Meat Quality of Laying Hens

为探讨栖架舍饲散养模式对蛋鸡健康与肉品质的影响,本研究按照采食区、饮水区、栖息区、活动区和垫料区进行鸡舍内立体分布设计,并配置栖木、采食底网、料线、水线以及产蛋箱等规模饲养设施,建立栖架舍饲散养模式。选择日龄为140d的海兰褐蛋鸡2 000只随机分为栖架舍饲散养组和传统笼养组,每组4个重复,试验期为50周。研究结果表明:与传统笼养相比,栖架舍饲散养模式使蛋鸡的发病率减少47.68%、死淘率下降43.36%、平均产蛋量提高16.32%(P<0.05),鸡只外观、步态健康指标显著提高;鸡只异常行为的发生频次、持续时间比例和最大持续时间显著降低(P<0.05);淘汰蛋鸡的胸肌率、腿肌率较分别提高了29.58%、30.72%(P<0.05),蒸煮损失率与肌纤维密度分别下降了21.77%、7.99%(P<0.05),而肌肉剪切力无显著差异。说明栖架舍饲散养模式可以促进蛋鸡健康,改善淘汰蛋鸡肉品质。

To investigate the effect of free roost feeding pattern on the health and meat quality of laying hens,the present research constructed a free,roost drylot feeding pattern with bottom web,feeding,drinking,and laying nest following the design of a three-dimensional barton consisting of feeding,drinking,resting,nesting area and littered zone.Two thousand 140-day-old blue-brown-egg chickens were selected and randomly divided into 2treatments with 4replicates in each treatments for a 50-week experiment.The results showed that,compared with traditional cage model,the incidence,death and culling rate reduced by 47.68%,43.36%（P〈0.05）,respectively.Mean while,the average egg yield increased by16.32%（P〈0.05）.The scores of appearance and gait significantly improved and the frequency,duration proportion,maximum duration of abnormal behavior of hens decreased remarkably（P〈0.05）.Breast and leg muscle percentage of laying hens increased by 29.58%and 30.72%（P〈0.05）,respectively,the cooking loss rate and the density of muscle fiber reduced by 21.77%,7.99%（P〈0.05）,indicating that there were no significant differences in the shear force of muscle.The results proved that the free roost feeding can improve the health index and also enhance the meat quality of laying hens.