论信托受托人的分别管理义务——兼评我国《信托法》的相关规定

On the Trustee's Duty of Managing Trust Property Separately:A Comment on Pertinent Regulations of China's Trust Law

受托人分别管理义务的内涵应包括受托人将信托财产与其固有财产以及不同信托的信托财产相分离和将信托财产进行标示两方面内容。受托人的此项义务已能实现信托公示的目的,信托法不必另行规定信托公示制度。对受托人的此项义务能否以信托文件予以排除,应区分受托人将信托财产与其固有财产分别管理和受托人将不同信托的信托财产分别管理而论。对受托人违反此项义务的损失赔偿责任,宜适用过错推定责任原则。受托人违反此项义务获得利益的,委托人或受益人应有权请求将其归入信托财产。若受托人未对信托财产进行标示,委托人或受益人应有权要求其履行标示义务,但不得以该财产为信托财产对抗善意第三人。

The trustee＇s duty of managing trust property separately requires that the trustee should separate trust property from his own property and mark different trust property respectively. Since this duty can accomplish the purpose of trust publicity,there is no need to formulate other regulations on trust publicity by the trust law. Whether the trust instrument can exclude the duty or not should differ based on whether the trust property is managed separately from trustee＇s own property or whether different trust properties are managed concurrently. The doctrine of presumed fault should be applied to the liability of damaged on violation of such duty. The violator who benefits from such violation shall return the benefit to the trust property claimed by the settlor or the beneficiary. Where the trustee fails to mark the trust property,the settlor or the beneficiary should have the right to require the trustee to mark the trust property yet such property cannot be used against the claim of any third party in good faith.