控制与反抗:清代抱告制度的实践

Control and Resistance: Practice of the System of Representative Litigation in Qing Dynasty

抱告制度是清代一项重要的诉讼制度,以往学界对其讨论较少,通过对抱告制度在清代的司法实践情况进行全面的检讨,可以看出抱告制度至少在形式上得到了较好的执行,该使用抱告的案件基本使用了抱告。但究其实际运作,则司法实践与律例的规定相差不少。这种差异的背后是百姓对官府司法控制的反抗和官府自身治理原则的矛盾。

Representative litigation is an important system in Qing Dynasty though with little discussion in academia. Based a comprehensive review on this system in judicial practice of Qing Dynasty,it can be found that the representative litigation system has been well implemented in form and cases subject to this system had been properly applied. While in practice,there were many deviations from pertinent regulations. These differences have revealed that ordinary people＇s resistance against the governmental and judicial control,and the contradiction with the principle of governmental self- governance.