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先秦儒道两家论“人之为人”与“做人起点”的不同进路 被引量:4

The Different Approaches on "Human Being Human " and "Starting Point of Being Human" from Pre-qin Confucianism and Daoism
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摘要 孔子将"仁"的德性看作"人之为人"的本质属性,孔子及其弟子将在家庭中实践孝悌之伦看作实践仁德的出发点,进而看作建构良序社会的出发点。孔子及其弟子对"人之为人"与"做人起点"两个问题的思考,体现了先秦儒家重视人的道德行为与良序社会的内在关系。与儒家的这一思考路径相反,道家创始人老子及其重要继承、发扬者庄子,更加重视"道序"的作用,以及人对"道序"遵守的重要性。在"人之为人"的问题上,道家提出每个人都应当"尽性",在"做人的起点"上,更重视个人生命之于政治活动的基础作用,认为理想的政治与社会应当奠定在尊重每个人的个体生命的基础之上。笔者认为,儒道两家对上述两个问题提出的理论回答并非完全过时,而是不够充分。这两个问题既是理论问题,又是现实问题,需要我们在现代新的思想维度里对其进行重新思考。 Kong Zi perceives the virtue of Ren(benevolence) as the essential property of human being human.Kong Zi and his disciples view the filial practice inside the family as the beginning of Ren practice and furthermore of a good social order.This line of thought shows Confucianism value on the connection between moral acts and a good social order.In contraiy,Lao Zi and his successor Zhuang Zi value the natural order of Dao and the importance of following Dao.With regard to the issue of human being human,Daoism insists on fulfilling our nature.Regarding the issue of the essence of being a human,Daoism believes that individual life is the foundation of politics.They claim that ideal politics and society are based on respecting each individual life.How Confucianism and Daoism answer both issues is not completely outdated or irrelevant,but insufficient.These issues are both theoretical and practical.We could shed light on them from a new perspective.
作者 吴根友
出处 《哲学研究》 CSSCI 北大核心 2015年第3期50-57,128-129,共8页 Philosophical Research
关键词 儒家 道家 尽性
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参考文献4

  • 1.《老子》[M].,..
  • 2《庄子》,中华书局,2010年,第207页.
  • 3.《论语》[M].,..
  • 4《孟子》.上海:上海古籍出版社,1990年版.

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