奥古斯丁与西方激情理论的分化

Augustine and the Division of Western Passion Theory

尚处自然思维阶段的希腊早期思想,对于人的激情的本体论意义有一种模糊领会。柏拉图理念哲学对自然的超越导致他的激情理论的唯理主义方面;同时他又在《会饮篇》重新发挥爱的本体论意义。这构成其激情理论的神秘主义方面,这两方面并未得到很好统一。亚里士多德和斯多葛派只继承了其中的唯理主义方面,并将其发展成激情理论的一个独立向度,且使之主宰了当时的伦理学和认识论思考。奥古斯丁则在《圣经》神学和柏拉图关于爱的思想基础上否定这种唯理主义,开创了西方激情理论的神秘主义向度,从而造成西方激情理论的分化。后来的西方神秘主义激情理论都是直接或间接地继承、发展了奥古斯丁的相关思想,并对当代西方思想产生了重大影响。

The early Greek thought had a vague comprehension about the ontological meaning of human passion.The Platonic ideal philosophy negated nature and established idea as absolute truth,which led to the rationalist aspect of his passion theory;nevertheless in the Symposium,he introduced a love theory to re-interpret the ontological meaning of passion,which constitutes the mystic aspect of his passion theory.Aristotle and the Stoics rejected the mystic aspect of Plato's theory,while developed its rationalist aspect into an independent theoretical trend,which dominated the ethical and epistemological thought of that time.Augustine,on the basis of the Biblical tradition and Plato's love theory,rebuking the rationalist theory,founded the mystic trend of passion theory,so introduced the division of western passion theory.All of the later western mystic passion theories directly or indirectly inherited and developed Augustine's related ideas.