新疆地区药用植物地理分布模式和气候特征研究

Climatic features and geographical distribution of medicinal plants in Xinjiang

植物分布与区域气候有密切关系。新疆多样性地形地貌形成各具特色的区域气候特征,孕育了丰富的药用植物资源。依据新疆地区药用植物地理分布和区域气候两方面研究药用植物地理分布模式和气候特征,基于第三次中药资源普查数据得到新疆地区甘草、紫草、麻黄、肉苁蓉、枸杞等主要中药材空间分布图,并计算相关地区的物种丰富度和多样性指数。结果显示:新疆天山山脉地区药材种类丰富度最高,是新疆野生药材主要的分布区。同时,基于Arc GIS平台将年均温、年降水量等10个气象因子数据进行空间分类,得到气候因子数值在新疆地区的空间分布。新疆地区气候特征是以天山为分界线的南疆年平均温度和活动积温明显高于北疆,原因是天山山脉的屏障作用;降水与我国内陆格局不同,新疆降水量空间分布呈现东少西多格局;新疆最具特色的两个地区:一是伊犁塔城地区气候温和,雨量充沛,药材种类繁多;二是新疆南疆的喀什地区,较高的1月份最低温保证了植物的越冬需要,是植物栽培的必要条件。

There are close relations between plants distribution and regional climate. Xinjiang is characterized for the various regional climate features and distinctive medicinal plants resources because of the abundant topography and landforms. The relationships between the geographical distribution pattern of medical plants and regional climate characteristics are discussed through medical plants distribution and regional climate characteristics. Based on the data of The Third Survey Of Chinese Medicine Resources,the spatial distribution of main traditional Chinese medicine plants such as Glycyrrhiza,Lithospermum,Ephedra,Cistanche,Lycium and so on is presented. According to the topography and climatic conditions. Xinjiang is divided into five regions of medicine plants as Altay,Ili,Turpan and Hami,Hotan and Kashi,Bayingolin. The paper analyzed the species richness and species diversity indices base on the climate characteristics analysis diagram the space classified of with Arc GIS. The results show that Tianshan Mountains is a major region of wild medicinal materials which has the highest species richness. In addition,the annual average temperature and accumulated temperature of southern Xinjiang is higher than that of northern Xinjiang because of to the barrier function of Tianshan Mountains and the different underlying surface in southern and northern of Xinjiang. The precipitation on western Xinjiang is more than that on eastern region,because the rainfall from the Atlantic is difficult to reach the inland of Xinjiang due to the long way and the barrier of mountains.Relative humidity has the same state as precipitation,while the average annual sunshine has the opposite trend. Two regions in Xinjiang have unique features. The first one is Ili-Tacheng Prefecture with rich wild medicine plants in Xinjiang due to a mild climate and abundant rainfall. Another region is Kashi Prefecture with the January high temperature which can ensure the medical plants to survive during the cold winter.