嗅觉障碍与α突触核蛋白病

Olfactory Dysfunction in α-synucleinopathies

在神经变性疾病中,嗅觉障碍很常见,除帕金森病外,还可见于路易小体痴呆、多系统萎缩、单纯性自主神经衰竭等α突触核蛋白病,以及特发性快动眼期睡眠行为障碍。其中,帕金森病和路易小体痴呆患者的嗅觉减退程度较严重,而多系统萎缩较轻;单纯性自主神经衰竭和快动眼期睡眠行为障碍存在嗅觉减退,其程度可能较帕金森病轻。嗅觉障碍可在疾病早期出现,且嗅觉测试简便易行,有助于这些疾病的早期诊断及鉴别诊断。

Olfactory dysfunction is a common feature of many neurodegenerative diseases,particularly of a-synucleinopathies,such as Parkinson＇s disease（PD）,dementia with Lewy bodies（DLB）,multiple system atrophy（MSA）,pure autonomic failure（PAF）,and rapid eye movements sleep behavior disorder（RBD）.Most PD and DLB patients showed substantial olfactory loss,while MSA patients showed intact or mildly impaired olfaction.Olfactory loss in PAF and RBD may be lesser degree than those in Parkinson＇s disease.Olfactory dysfunction can emerge in the early stage of these diseases and is easy to be evaluated.Olfactory tests are useful additional tools for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of these neurodegenerations.