郑州地区变应性鼻炎患儿变应原谱分析

Analysis of allergens spectrum in children with allergic rhinitis in Zhengzhou district

目的:分析郑州地区变应性鼻炎(AR)患儿主要变应原的分布特点,为其诊治及预防提供参考依据。方法:应用20种标准化变应原试剂对412例拟诊为AR的患儿进行皮肤点刺试验(SPT),并对结果进行统计学分析。结果:329例(79.85%)呈阳性反应,吸入性变应原以粉尘螨(87.54%,288/329)最高,其次为屋尘螨(86.32%,284/329)、猫上皮(62.31%,205/329)、真菌Ⅰ(47.72%,157/329)、狗上皮(43.16%,142/329)等;食入性变应原以小虾(13.68%,45/329)最高,其次为鸡蛋(5.17%,17/329)、鲤鱼(4.56%,15/329)、肉蛋白Ⅰ(3.04%,10/329)、牛奶(3.04%,10/329)等。结论:尘螨、猫上皮、真菌Ⅰ、狗上皮是郑州地区儿童AR最主要的变应原,改善患儿居住环境,避免接触变应原至关重要。

Objective：To analyze the main allergens in children with allergic rhinitis and provide scientific basis for prevention and treatment in Zhengzhou district.Method：Twenty standardization allergens were used to perform skin prick test in 412 children with AR,and the results were statistically analyzed.Result：Three hundred and twenty-nine of 412cases（79.85%）showed positive reaction.The positive rate of dermatophagoides farina（87.54%）was the highest in inhaled allergens,followed by dermatophagoides pteronyssinus（86.32%）,cat hair（62.31%）,fungusⅠ（47.72%）and dog hair（43.16%）.The positive rate of shrimp（13.68%）was the highest in ingestive allergens,then egg（5.17%）,carp（4.56%）,meatⅠ（3.04%）and milk（3.04%）.Conclusion：Dust mites,cat hair,fungus,dog hair were the most common allergens in children in Zhengzhou district.Improving living environment of children with AR and avoiding contacting with allergens were pretty important.