精神科护理员岗位知识的认知调查和培训效果

Cognition and training effect on job knowledge of psychiatric nurses

目的：通过对精神科护理员岗位知识的调查,完善岗位知识的培训,提高护理员的综合素质。方法参考相关文献并结合临床实践,自行设计精神科护理员岗位知识认知调查表,选择2012年9月—2013年3月在上海市两所精神卫生中心工作的精神科护理员97名进行问卷测评,根据调查结果给予相应的培训和指导。经培训后6个月再次测评,比较培训前后精神科护理员对岗位知识的认知状况。同时运用自行设计满意度调查表,于培训前后对护理员的工作进行评价。结果培训后护理员岗位知识测评优秀者8名（8.25%）,良好者44名（45.36%）,合格者42名（43.30%）,不合格者3名（3.09%）,明显优于培训前,差异有统计学意义（H=121.09,P〈0.01）。培训后护理员岗位职责和工作制度得分为（18.03±1.54）分,精神科危机状态应对方法得分为（16.21±1.63）分,基础医学知识得分为（15.33±2.34）分,安全维护知识得分为（17.57±1.77）分,基础护理知识得分为（13.01±2.39）分,平均得分为（80.20±7.96）分,均优于培训前,差异有统计学意义（ t值分别为12.98,11.38,17.10,18.57,12.00,19.01；P〈0.01）。结论分阶段、多样化的教育培训能有效提高精神科护理员对岗位知识的认知水平,为精神科护理人力资源和业务技术提供保障,能提高患者对护理工作的满意度。

Objective To improve the psychiatric nursing training and the workers′ quality through investigating the level of psychiatric nurses′ job knowledge. Methods Considering of both theoretical and practical needs, we designed the “Questionnaire of Psychiatric Care Workers′ Job Knowledge”. A total of 97 people in two mental health centers of Shanghai who were working as care workers from September 2012 to March 2013 were selected. The questionnaire was surveyed before training and 6 months′after training. The level of psychiatric care knowledge was compared. Results After the training and mentoring, 8 nurses （8. 25%） were excellent;44 nurses （45. 36%） were fine;42 nurses （43. 30%） were passed;3 nurses （3. 09%） were not passed, which were significantly higher than those before the training （H=121. 09,P〈0. 01）. After training, the score of job responsibility was （18. 03 ± 1. 54）;the score of crisis coping method was （16. 21 ± 1. 63）;the score of basic medicine was （15. 33 ± 2. 34）;the score of safe maintenance knowledge was （17. 57 ± 1. 77）;the score of basic nursing knowledge was （13. 01 ± 2. 39） and the mean score was （80. 20 ± 7. 96）, which were significantly higher than those before the training （ t = 12. 98, 11. 38, 17. 10, 18. 57, 12. 00, 19. 01, respectively;P〈0. 01 ）. Conclusions Phased, diverse education and training is helpful with improving psychiatric care workers′ job knowledge, which may contribute to the team building and professional skills′development of psychiatric nurses. It also can improve the patients′satisfaction for the care workers.