教师行为的道德思考——基于亚里士多德对善、幸福与德行的论述

Some Moral Considerations on Teacher's Manner——Based on Aristotle's Account of Good, Happiness and Virtue

教育的终极目标是引领学生构建幸福生活。所谓有福者必有德,因此德行是幸福的必要条件。为了构建学生的幸福人生,教师在教学过程中要致力于学生德行的养成。与说教式、灌输式的道德教育相比,作为道德行为者(moral agent)的教师之行为举止(teacher’s manner)更能有效地培养并影响学生的道德德行。教师行为举止所揭示的教师的道德品质对学生具有直接的道德影响,是学生获得德行的主要途径。借助亚里士多德对善、幸福与德行的观点,教师在教学活动中"应然"所展现的行为举止包括温和、勇敢、正义、友爱等。

The ultimate aim of education is guiding students to construct happiness. Just as the saying goes, people who are happy are sure to be morally good. So virtue is the necessary condition of happiness. For the students＇ happy life,teachers should cultivate students＇ moral virtue in the teaching process. As compared to the lecturing and duck-feeding moral education, the teacher who acts as the moral agent can influence and train students＇ moral virtues more effectively through his behaviour. Teacher＇s manner can reveal his/her moral virtue and have a direct moral influence on students,which is major channel for students to become morally good. Based on Aristotle＇s ideas of good, happiness and virtue, the teacher should demonstrate such behaviors as warmness, bravery, justice and kindness.