2010年-2013年枣庄市手足口病核酸检测结果分析

Analysis of nucleic acid detectionresults for HFMD in Zaozhuang during 2010-2013

目的 了解本市手足口病肠道病毒的型别、分布特征和流行趋势,为进一步预防控制该病的流行提供实验室技术支持。方法 采集手足口病疑似患者的咽拭子标本,提取RNA,应用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）法进行肠道病毒通用型、EV71型及CoxA16型的核酸检测,统计检测结果并分析。结果 共检测手足口病患者标本947份,总阳性率为58.61%,其中EV71型阳性率为37.17%、CoxA16型阳性率为8.45%,其他EV病毒阳性率为12.99%。男性阳性率为58.39%,女性阳性率为59.05%,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。农村患者阳性率为61.12%,城市患者阳性率为52.24%,二者的检出率差异有统计学意义（χ^2=6.247,P〈0.05）。1岁-3岁组低龄儿童占确诊患者的78.38%。结论 枣庄市手足口病病原以肠道病毒EV71型为主。有明显的时间和人群分布特征。每年的5月-7月为发病高峰期。农村1岁-3岁组低龄儿童是手足口病的主要发病群体。

Objective To investigate the type,distribution and epidemic trend of the virus that cause hand-foot-and-mouth disease（ HFMD） in Zaozhuang so as to providetechnical support for the further prevention and control of the disease. Methods Throat swab specimens from HFMD patients with suspected were collected for RNAs extration. The level of universal enterovirus,EV71 and CoxA16,were detected for nucleic acid by using real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR. The detection results were collected and analyzed. Results Of the total 947 HFMD samples,the positive rate was 58. 61%,among which the rate of EV71,CoxA16 and other types of enterovirus were respectively 37. 17%,8. 45% and 12. 99%. As for different genders,the enterovirus-positive rate of males was 58. 39%,and the rate of females was 59. 05%,there was no statistical significance for the difference（ P〉0. 05）. For rural patients,the enterovirus-positive rate was 61. 12%,and for city patients was 52. 24%. There was statistical significance for the differences between the two detection rates（ χ^2= 6. 247,P 0. 05）. Of the confirmed cases,the young children aged 1-3 accounted for 78. 38%. Conclusion The HFMD cases were caused mainly by EV71 in Zaozhuang. There are obvious distribution characters of time and population. Each year,from May to July was the fastigium for the onset. The children aged 1-3 from rural area was the major onset group of hand-foot-and-mouth disease.