清代传教士马若瑟有关汉语判断句式的研究

Joseph Maria de Premare's Research on Determinative-sentences in Ancient Chinese Language

马若瑟在《汉语札记》中突破了词语的研究范畴,把"者""也"作为句式的标记,进入到了句式层级的研究。其相关内容虽然主要是判断句式,但并不是明确正式的判断句式的研究,而仅是句式研究。这一形式主义的泛性句式研究具有非常重要的价值,可能是虚字研究发展到汉语现代句式研究的必经环节,可以说马若瑟的《汉语札记》开创了汉语文言句式研究的先河。

Premare identified zhe(者) and ye(也) as markers of the sentence pattern, and made a breakthrough by lifting the research from word level to sentence level. Although his research mainly concerns determinative-sentences, not all of Premare's research is about clear and formal determinative-sentences, quite a lot is just about sentence patterns. But this kind of formalistic sentence patterns research is of very important value: it is the necessary link between particles research on Chinese modern sentence pattern research. So we can say Premare's Notitia Lingae Sinicae(汉语札记) is a precedent of research on classical Chinese sentence patterns.