社会建构主义与灾害治理:一项自然灾害的社会学研究

Social Construction Approach and Disaster Mitigation:A Sociology Study on Nature Disaster

社会建构主义为灾害社会学研究提供了重要的"范式转移"及"反省机制",它主要有两个重要面向、六个基本维度和八个基本命题,建构要素包括建构主体、建构规则和建构话语三个维度,建构逻辑包括建构过程、建构表现和建构结果三个维度,前一面向是在论述灾害与社会的互动关系,后一面向则是基本分析框架,由此引发了"离灾"、非结构式减灾、风险治理、媒体责任、"隐性灾民"及不公平结构根源等重要治理启示。这一理论取向具有动态研究、从自然外部拉回社会内部、从悲观受害者向积极行动者转变等理论优势,但同时也存在着完整分析框架缺乏、实证研究困难、互构过程模糊、理论机制与逻辑关系不明、化约为权力与政治运作逻辑及对科技滥用意识形态批判等局限。

Social construction provides us with an important approach and reflection mechanism for disaster,which includes two important study directions,six basic dimension and eight issues for disaster study. Elements of construction includes constructional subject,rules and discourse,which mainly discuses interactive relationship between society and disaster.Logic of construction,the basic analysis frame,includes constructional process,performance and results.Therefore,there appears a series of important approaches for disaster mitigation,such as avoiding disaster,non-constructional mitigation,risk control,media responsibility,recessive victims and reasons for unfair construction. Such approaches possess theoretical advantages,namely dynamic study,from nature to society,from passive victims to active actors. But it also has some disadvantages,for example,lack of completed analysis frame,difficulties in empirical study,ambiguity of interactive construction process,unclear relationship between theoretical mechanism and logic,relationship between rights and politics,abusing science and technology for the purpose of politics.