区域贸易协定新趋势下《跨大西洋伙伴协定》的负面影响与中国的对策

Negative Effect of The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership under the New Tendency of Regional Trade Agreements and the Responses of China

近年来,区域贸易协定的发展呈现出新趋势,不仅数量急剧增加,而且内容和目标也扩展到投资、竞争、环境、知识产权、劳工标准、与贸易有关的知识产权等领域以及"贸易追加"议题。这种趋势带来诸多负面影响,而正在谈判的《跨大西洋伙伴协定》势必使这种负面影响更突出:它将带来贸易转移而非贸易增长的结果;将进一步侵蚀多边贸易体制的最惠国待遇原则;使优惠原产地规则变得更复杂;对多边贸易体制关于区域贸易协定的界定构成挑战;使陷入僵局的多哈回合更难走出困境。在跨大西洋和跨太平洋两大自由贸易区的夹击和欧美引领的各种双边自由贸易区的重重包围下,中国一方面应积极推动多哈回合前行,另一方面应加快和扩大与其他国家谈判建立自由贸易区,并争取尽早加入《跨太平洋贸易与投资伙伴协定》的谈判。

In recent years,there have been emerging some new tendencies of RTAs： not only speedily increasing in their numbers,but more importantly extending of their contents and objectives to investment,competition policy,environment,intellectual property rights,labour standards or ＂trade-plus ＂issues. Such tendencies would bring about negative effect in multiple dimensions and the TTIP in negotiation deems to intensify such effect： it would result in trade diversion rather than trade creation,further evasion of the MFN principle of the multilateral trade system,making the preferential rules of origin more burdensome,challenging the requirements of RTAs under the multilateral trade system and making the way out of dilemma for Doha Round even more difficult. Under the trapping of TTIP and TPP as well as heavy surrounding of various bilateral FTAs led by the EU and the U.S.,China should actively push forward the Doha Round on the one hand,and speed up and expand negotiations of FTAs with other countries,and at the same time strive for participation of negotiations of TTIP as early as possible.