“创作型侨易”之探讨

The Creating Literates as a Qiao-Yiing Group

若"侨易现象"在其最基本的含义上指在异文化区域有过一定时间停留的主体,因其"侨"经验而发生精神之"易"的现象,那么"创作型侨易"则在"学习型侨易""传播型侨易"等已经引起学者们关注的类型之后,成为一种新的值得研究的"侨易现象"类别。"创作型侨易"的主体为文学艺术创作者;其创作行为的原动力来自于异地经验引发的他我碰撞;其作品为主体精神变化的呈现空间。创作主体的异地经验非同于一般旅人的异地经验。在陌异感带来的兴奋或不适的后面,主体追问"异"之所在,并从"异"中获得创作的动力、灵感与材料。若以"创作型侨易"这一现象作为理论思考点,并以洛蒂、克洛岱尔与谢阁兰这三位有过远东经验的法国作家为个案,我们可以考察侨易经验与作品创作中异质文化因素的地位的关系,以及适合"创作型侨易"的研究方法。

The primary meaning of＂ Qiao-Yi＂（侨易）may mean a phenomenon by which a person,after living in a foreign culture for a sufficient period of time,acquires some experience from abroad,and from there transforms himself.But relating to writers and artists,＂ Qiao-Yi＂ becomes a new category worth studying,after a few others which have already attracted attention from researchers,such as categories relating to intellectuals or culture spreaders.In this new category,the subject of＂ Qiao-Yi＂ is a writer or an artist.Traveling and cultural differences work on him as a major source of inspiration.His works then becomes the sole stage of his inner subjective transformation.The creating subject,more than a mere traveler,questions himselffurther than the fascination or unease one may feel when facing the stranger,on the question of difference,to the point that this question converts into an engine,inspiration and even matter of his creation.The author of the present text would like to present a theoretical reflection on this phenomenon.And,based on three different cases of French writers who travelled to the Far East（Loti,Claudel and Segalen）,she tries to study the relation between experience abroad and the role taken by a foreign culture in an artistic creation,as well as the literary critic methods that best suit this type of works.