民权话语于中国之流变考论

Appearance,Change and Spread of the Discourse of " MinQuan"

"民权"是近代宪政运动中的重要话语之一。"民权"包含反君权、作为整体的国民权与个人的自由权利等涵义,主要呈现出"导向民主"或者"偏好自由"两个方面。"民权"话语的扩散与变迁并非一蹴而就,其经历了"议院说"、"国民说"、"民权主义说"三个阶段。"民权"话语始于对"开议院"的倡导,议院可使上情下达,从而使民有权;继而,以戊戌变法为界,梁启超使"民权"话语逐步获得了"国民权"的涵义;"民权"话语在其发展的第三个阶段则经由孙文的政治建构而使其逐渐成为一种意识形态与"主义"。"民权"话语的生成与变迁与"议院"、"国家"等语词紧密相连,表现出"非自足"与"群体性"的特点。在"民权"话语的传播过程中,社会情势、文化习惯塑造着"民权"话语;策略框架理论也在"民权"话语的建构中起到了有效动员的作用。经由知识界的争论和探讨使"民权"有了相对固定的内涵,通过社会运动的倡导而使之成为共识性语词,又经过"三民主义"这一意识形态的传播指导立法,从而使"民权"进入一般民众的生活领域。

Minquan（民权）is a fundamental discourse in Chinese constitutional movements.The discourse of minquan contains different meanings.Anti-feudalism,political rights of a group,civil rights of an individual can all be included.All these meanings either points to democracy,or refers to rights.Previous research mainly focuses on history of ideas.This paper uses discourse analysis to research deeply in minquan,which can clarify the change and reflection of its meaning,the interactive relationship betweenminquan and the social movement.Through this process,the paper not only concerns about the diachronic development of the consensus of minquanconcept,but also discusses the differences and marginal understandings within intellectual circles.From the observation of appearance,change and spread of minquan,the discourse goes through three different periods.There is the period of parliament,the period of political rights of a nation and the period of the Principle of Democracy.On the one hand,social circumstance,culture and customs shape the discourse of miquan.On the other hand,the discourse influences social life.The discourse of minquan gets relatively fixed meaning through debates of intellectual,then becomes a consensusby social movement,and eventually enters the field of general public life through the ideology of the three people＇s principlesof Sun Yat-sen.