早产儿神经发育结局的研究进展

Neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm infants

早产的发病率居高不下，存活儿童，尤其是中度和重度早产者，多伴有各种神经发育不良，在生长发育过程中可出现智力低下、认知功能障碍、视动作统合机能不良，出现语言困难、学习能力低下及行为异常等。其神经发育结局与家庭社会环境、遗传因素和生物因素有关。早产儿神经发育结局的评定主要依赖各种神经心理测评工具。护士应及时更新早产儿神经发育结局的相关知识，提高照顾早产儿的临床能力；帮助家庭形成良性的亲子关系；协同医生、康复治疗师、职业治疗师等共同订立早期干预计划并参与执行和评估过程。

The prevalence rate of preterm birth in China and Western countries was increasing continually.Preterm infant survivors more likely developed a variety of neurodevelopmental problems, such as low intelligence level, cognitive dysfunction, visual motor disorder, lan-guage deficiency, learning difficulties and behavioral problems.Their neurodevelopmental outcomes had been associated with multiple factors including family social risks, genetics and biological factors.Neuropsychological and brain functional measures were sensitive indicators of poor neurodevelopmental outcome of the infants.Nurses need to be updated about relevant knowledge on how to take care preterm infants as well as i-dentify possible neurodevelopmental deficits.They need guide parents how to develop positive maternal-infant interaction and promote the neu-rodevelopment of their infants.Poor neurodevelopment outcome was an issue demanding collaboration of nurses, physicians and occupational therapist.Nurses can participate in all three phases including the development of prevention plan, its implementation and evaluation.