护理学专业毕业生就业焦虑、社会支持及其影响因素研究

Employment anxiety and social support of nursing graduates and their influence factors

目的探讨医学院校护理学专业毕业生就业焦虑、社会支持及其相关因素,为预防和干预护理学专业毕业生就业焦虑、缓解就业压力提供理论依据。方法采用焦虑自评量表、社会支持评定量表及自制的学生基本情况调查表,对112名医学院校的护理学专业毕业生进行问卷调查。结果医学院校护理学专业毕业生就业焦虑检出率为36.61%(41/112),其中轻度焦虑为18.75%(21/112),中度焦虑为16.96%(19/112),重度焦虑为0.89%(1/112);高职高专院校护理学专业毕业生的就业焦虑程度高于本科院校毕业生(P<0.05),农村生源的护理学专业毕业生就业焦虑程度高于城镇生源(P<0.05);客观支持、主观支持、对支持的利用度以及社会支持总分与护理学专业毕业生就业焦虑程度呈显著负相关(r=-0.47、-0.03、-0.09、-0.22;P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论应有针对性地对护理学专业毕业生开展就业前心理卫生健康教育和职业发展规划教育等工作。

Objective To provide the theoretical basis for preventing and interventing the employment anxiety of nursing graduates by investigating the employment anxiety and social support of nursing graduates and their influence factors.Methods Basic self-investigating questionnaire,self-rating anxiety scale（ SAS） and self-regulating basic information questionnaireas were used to test 112 nursing graduates. Results The total ratio of the employment anxiety of nursing graduates was36. 61%（ 41 /112）,which included 18. 75%（ 21 /112） of mild anxiety,16. 96%（ 19 /112） of moderate anxiety,and 0. 89%（ 1 /112） of severe anxiety. The degree of employment anxiety of nursing graduates in higher vocational college was higher than that in university（ P〈0. 05）; the degree of employment anxiety of nursing graduates from country was higher than that from cities and towns（ P〈0. 05）. The score of objective support,subjective support,availability of support and the total score of social support were negatively related with employment anxiety（ r =-0. 47,-0. 03,-0. 09,-0. 22; P〈0. 01,P〈0. 05）. Conclusion Mental health education and vocational development planning education should be carried out before employment for nursing graduates.