山绿茶种子萌发特性研究

Study on Seed Germination Characteristic of Ilex hainanensis Merr.

目的:研究山绿茶种子萌发特性,找到种子萌发的最佳条件,为山绿茶规范化、规模化种植提供种苗繁育途径和方法。方法:测定山绿茶种子形态、千粒重和含水量,研究在不同浸种时间、不同光照、不同温度条件下的发芽率,并进一步比较它们之间的相关性,同时比较不同贮藏时间下的发芽率、发芽指数、始发芽粒数和发芽天数的差异。结果:山绿茶种子平均长度为2.84 mm,宽度为1.11 mm,长宽比为2.50,千粒重平均为0.716 9 g,平均含水量为12.36%。在光照、温度等因素相同的条件下,种子浸种24 h发芽率最高;在较适宜的浸种时间和温度条件下,种子在光照下培养的发芽率极显著高于在黑暗下培养的发芽率;随着温度的增加,种子发芽率先升后降,30℃最适合种子萌发;不同的贮藏时间对山绿茶种子发芽率、发芽指数、始发芽粒数和发芽天数均有影响,4℃低温贮藏3个月的发芽率(96.33%)和发芽指数(13.78)均最高,且始发芽粒数最多(24粒),发芽所需天数最短(28 d)。结论:低温贮藏3个月,浸种24 h,30℃,光照条件,最适宜山绿茶种子的萌发。

Objective： To explore the optimum condition on germination of Ilex hainanensis Merr. in order to provide guidance for seedling breeding,we studied the germination characters. Methods： Shapes,weights per thousand seeds and content of moisture were observed. The germination rates of the seeds were determined under different soaking time,different illumination and temperature treatments,and the correlation among them were measured. The difference of germination rate,germination index,numbers of initial germination and germination days were also compared after storage for a period of time. Results： The mean length and width of seeds were 2. 84 mm,1. 11 mm,respectively. Length to width ratio 2. 50. weights per thousand seeds was0. 716 9 g and content of moisture was 12. 36%. Seeds under soaking time for 24 hours was gained the highest germination rate when other conditions were the same. Germination rate under illumination was significantly higher than those under dark. With the increase of temperature,the germination rate raise firstly and then fell,and 30 ℃ was optimum. Different storage time had influence on germination rate,while stored for three months at 4 ℃ obtained the highest rate（96. 33%） and index（13. 78）,the maximum numbers of initial germinationand（24 seeds） the shortest germination days（28 days）. Conclusion： Stored for three months at 4 ℃,soaking time for 24 hours,30 ℃,illumination were the optimum condition for seeds＇ germination of Ilex hainanensis Merr.