“大写的艺术”:贡布里希对黑格尔艺术史观的批判

“Art with Capital A”: Gombrich's Criticism of Hegel's View of Art

在贡布里希看来,黑格尔的艺术史观是一种"大写的艺术史观"。西方艺术研究领域长期受其影响,助长了艺术研究中的体系崇拜,阻碍了人们对各种艺术现象和作品的具体理解,不仅从根本上阻碍了艺术本身的发展,而且也促进了纳粹主义思潮的滥觞。贡布里希深受德国"教化"传统熏陶,对"时代精神"、"民族精神"极度厌恶,因此他倡导从个人主义的角度,通过发现和解释艺术中的"技艺"及形式问题,取代"大写的艺术",从而消弭黑格尔哲学体系的影响力和潜在危害。探讨贡布里希与黑格尔的艺术史观对目前学术界具有很大的现实意义。

Gombrich's criticism of'art with a capital A'targets at the Hegelian historicism. He argues,the Western art research field long been under the spell of Hegelianism,facilitates the worship of totality,ultimately obstructs the fundamental development of art itself,and worse boosts up the surge of Nazism. Deeply bred by German traditional moralization,with deep hostility to the doctrines of the 'spirit of the age'and the 'national spirit',Gombrich advocates that the appeal of 'art with a capital A'can be replaced by discovering and interpreting the techniques in art,which can eliminate the influence and the potential threat of Hegelianism. It is of great realistic significance to discuss Gombrich's and Hegelian views of art history,for the present academic circles.