天津大神堂牡蛎礁国家级海洋特别保护区现状及管理对策

Present Condition and Management Countermeasures of Dashentang Oyster Reef Marine Special Reserve in Tianjin

天津大神堂是我国北方纬度最高的现代活体牡蛎群聚海域,区域内地质条件特殊,生物多样性丰富,贝类生物与砂质沉积物等环境因素共同构成了独特活牡蛎礁海洋生态系统。近几年来,受海洋开发、环境污染、过度捕捞影响,牡蛎礁区面积逐年减缩小,生物资源持续衰退,2013年经国家海洋局批准建立了天津大神堂牡蛎礁国家级海洋特别保护区。为加强海洋特别保护区建设,本文分析了天津大神堂海洋特别保护区的自然条件和现状,探讨了健全管理体系,完善法律法规制度,加强生态环境监测,构建兼顾生态效益和经济效益的可持续利用新模式等问题,以期为天津大神堂牡蛎礁国家级海洋特别保护区的养护及管理提供参考。

Dashentang is the highest-latitude oyster bunching waters in northern China,which is unique in geology and rich in biodiversity.The live-Oyster Reef marine ecosystem consists of shellfish species,sandy sediment and so on.In recent years,marine development,environment pollution,over fishing cause the Oyster Reef area were decreasing and biological resources were declining.The State Oceanic Administration authorized to establish Dashentang Oyster Reef Marine Special Reserve in Tianjin.In order to strengthen Marine Special Reserve construction,analyzing natural condition and present situation about Dashentang Oyster Reef Marine Special Reserve is necessary and discussing to establish a Sound Management System,improve Law and Regulation System,strengthen ecology environmental Monitoring,and structur a new sustainable use mode reconciling ecology benefit and economic will be benefited.It is aims to provide scientific guide about maintenance and management to Dashentang Oyster Reef Marine Special Reserve here.