甘肃省审定春小麦品种农艺及品质性状分析

Analysis of Agronomic and Quality Traits of Spring Wheat Cultivars Released in Gansu Province

以1993年至2013年甘肃省审定的60个春小麦品种为材料,分析其14项农艺和品质指标地变化及相关性,为甘肃小麦育种和生产提供理论依据。结果表明,甘肃省近年来审定春小麦品种(河西地区)产量逐渐上升,平均每年提高41.6kg·hm-2,产量三要素中小穗数和千粒质量变化不明显,相关系数低;穗粒数呈下降趋势。生育期和株高逐年下降,生育期平均每年缩短0.23d。品质指标中面粉沉降值、湿面筋质量分数、稳定时间和形成时间逐年下降,而其蛋白质质量分数、体积质量和面团吸水率逐年上升。但东片和旱地品种产量呈逐渐下降趋势。总体来看,甘肃省春小麦产量总体水平呈西片>东片>旱地,产量及农艺性状与品质指标呈负相关,但二者之间在一定范围内是可以协调的;小穗数多、粒大粒质量和株高中等更适合甘肃河西地区气候和生产条件。

In this study,60 spring wheat varieties released in Gansu province from 1993 to 2013were used as experimental materials to analyze 14 agronomic and quality traits and their evolution and correlation in order to provide a theoretical basis for further improvement of yield potential and processing quality.The yields of spring wheat cultivars released in Hexi area of Gansu province increased gradually by 41.6kg·hm-2,main yield components,number of spikelets and 1 000-kernel mass,changed insignificantly,while kernels per spike decreased annually.The growth duration decreased annually by0.23 d,and sedimentation volume,plant height,wet gluten mass fraction,stability time and development time also all decreased annually,whereas test mass,protein mass fraction and absorption increased.But the yields of spring wheat cultivars decreased gradually in east and dry land regions.Theoverall level of the yield of spring wheat cultivars in Gansu province：Hexi area East region dry land.Quality traits had a negative effect on yield and agronomic traits,but they can be coordinated to some extent.Types of dense spike,high 1 000-kernel mass and moderate height may be more suitable to climate and production conditions in Hexi region of Gansu province.