白菜型油菜雄性不育材料的花药结构及遗传研究

Anther Structure and Genetic Investigation of a Male Sterile Accession in Brassica rapa L.

白菜型油菜新型不育源的发现及研究是其杂种优势利用的重要基础工作。以笔者发现的白菜型油菜雄性不育材料0A193衍生系为材料,对其花药败育特征及遗传进行研究。结果表明,该不育材料育性受环境温度影响,早期低温条件下表现不育,后期温度升高其育性可得到恢复。育性转换前大部分花药发育止步于孢原细胞分化期,个别角隅能分化形成花粉囊,最终能产生花粉,大量药室不能正常开裂、花粉粘连无法散开,个别花药出现多花药合生、相邻花粉囊退化等现象;育性转换后,花药可以产生大量花粉。18个白菜型油菜和9个甘蓝型油菜的测交结果表明,该不育材料与Pol CMS有不同的恢保关系。遗传研究表明,该不育材料育性受细胞质和1对核基因控制。该白菜型不育材料的遗传分类,及在杂优育种中的利用价值有待深入研究。

The discovery and characterization of new male sterile source is the most important basic work for heterosis utilization in B.rapa.We observed several male sterile plants in one B.rapaaccession 0A193 from Yimen town,Binxian,Shaanxi province in April 2011.In this investigation,anther abortion and inheritance of the male sterile material were studied.The result showed that the fertility expression of the male sterile accession was affected by temperature,this accession keeped male sterile under low temperature while it turned to fertile when temperature increaseed to a certain degree.Cytological observation indicated that differentiation of majority of anthers of the male sterile accession before fertility conversion stopped at the stage of archesporial cell differentiation,only few individual corners could differentiate into pollen sacs and eventually produced fertile pollen.In addition,a lot of abnormality was observed,including most abnormally dehiscence pollen sacs,adhesive pollens,anther connation and degeneration of adjacent pollen sacs.After male fertility of this accession transformed normally,its anthers＇ development and pollen restored as normally as that of the fertility materials.Fertility results of the male sterile accession testcrossed F1＇s with 18 B.rapaaccessions and 9 B.napus lines indicated that it had different maintaining and restoring relationship with Pol CMS.The result of genetic investigation suggested that fertility of this male sterile accession was controlled byboth cytoplasmic and one pair of nuclear recessive gene.However,how environment affects its expression and how to utilize it is need to be further investigated.