迪罗西耶事件与16世纪个人信仰的选择困境

The Conversion of Hugues Sureau du Rosier:A Case Study in the Dilemma of Private Belief in Sixteenth-century France

16世纪的宗教改革对欧洲社会产生了深远的影响,同时它也是现代性的重要研究范畴。作为这一时期个人信仰遭遇选择困境的典型表现,圣巴托罗缪屠杀期间所发生的迪罗西耶改宗事件反映了在16世纪的法国,私人领域的信仰空间遭到了普遍的压制,宗教话语权被少数高级教士和宗教机构把持。与此同时,世俗政治的力量也凭借残存的领主-附庸体系控制着大批信众的个人信仰选择。然而这种困境也为世俗政治观念的兴起创造了契机:世俗政治力量的崛起提升了政治利益与政治价值观的重要性,从而削弱了宗教在社会上的主导地位。这一时期正是宗教话语权盛极而衰的分水岭,政治家派和绝对王权的崛起意味着法国开始了向近代国家转型的进程。

In the development process of Western Europe, the modernity was in close contact with the religion. The change in religion was an important symbol of modernity. For this reason, the investigation into the situation of private belief in Western European society of sixteenth century, which saw great society transformations, has its own research meaning. The conversion of du Rosier occurred after the St. Bartholomew＇s Day massacre was a typical case, which reflected the situation of private belief in this era. This article tries to investigate the problem of private belief reflected by this event and its deep-seated causes using the method of textual analysis. In fact, the conversion of du Rosier was not only affected by panic stirred by the massacre, but also an outcome of these two conflicting doctrine systems in the background of Reformation. His conviction on the doctrine of apostolic succession and rejection of transubstantiation directly resulted in his conversion. However, this event also demonstrates the dilemma of individual＇s choice in private belief in sixteenth-century France. Firstly, the Church institutions and prelates of this time controlled the establishment of doctrines, and the suppression of heretical ideas had become their most steady claim. Such suppression was not only conducted by the Catholic Church, but also by the Protestant Church, which was often suppressed by the secular authority and the Catholic Church after its emergence in sixteenth century hut soon turned into the guardian of the religious order. The leaders of the Protestant Church believed that the heretical ideas would ruin the harmony and unity of the Church; therefore they called for the suppression of the heretics. This opinion indicates that even inside the Protestant Church, which was fighting for freedom of belief for itself, the ideas proposed by individuals would be suppressed when different with the doctrines of the Church. Secondly, the Church institutions had been infiltrated in sixteenth century by the secular authority, which had a great influence on the private belief. In this era, the remaining vassal system controlled the Catholic Church and the Protestant Church by virtue of the secularization of benefices and the protection which the Protestant Church asked for from the high nobles of France. For the French Protestant Church, the Huguenot political advantage, which took the place of the Calvinism, had become the crucial factor, which manipulated the followers＇ faith. Generally speaking, the private belief in the sixteenth century was suppressed by the secular authority and the religious institutions including the Catholic Church and the Protestant Church. However, the infiltration of the secular authority into the Church institutions also weakened the religious authority, It cnhanced the importance of political advantage and political values while suppressing the private belief. This change gave an impetus to the emergence of the modern state from another aspect.