悲剧精神的正义论

The Justice Theory of the Tragic Spirit

按照理性主义的观点,由于正义愿望与历史阻力之间的永恒冲突,正义蕴含着悲剧精神。首先,在发生论上,悲剧滥觞于古希腊,而古希腊悲剧常产生在人的命运与正义的关系问题上,具体表现常演化为哲学家对正义问题的思辨及论争,文学家以悲剧形式对正义价值进行追问,两者殊途同归;其次,在形式论上,人类对正义的追求具有非理性的特征,并在这种非理性的超越中实现人的卓越性,这种非理性的特性在形式上表现为悲剧式的酒神精神的狂热和迷醉;最后,在效果论上,悲剧是对正义的理性反思,它旨在培养人的正义理念,构建正义与悲剧同构同属的理性基础。在人类本体论的视域中探究悲剧精神的正义论,能给予我们生存论上的启示。

The persistent prosperity of tragedy as a literary form could be partly attributed to the fact that the spirit of tragedy has a positive meaning in terms of human survival philosophy. The tragic spirit does not point to pessimism, instead to transcending the will and helping one to surmount the limit and achieve the infinite on the aesthetic level. One effective way to illustrate this point is exploring the tragic spirit from the perspective of justice theory. Firstly, in terms of the occurrence of tragedy, the writers recognize the objective existence of the pluralism of justice and debate between justices, and they demonstrate these in the form of tragedy; secondly, in terms of the form of tragedy, irrational characteristics were embodied in the pursuit of justice and self-surmount and were manifested in the form of tragic Bacchus; and finally, in terms of the aesthetic effect, tragedy is the conscious reflection of justice, which aims at constructing the universal standards of justice and an impartial social order. Human being is actually a contradictory existence between rationality and emotionality, and life is the eternal battlefield of Apollo and Dionysus. The tragic spirit entailed in the justice theory reflects this complexity, and it admonishes us to be dialectical and comprehensive when thinking about the tragic issues related to justice. The first innovation of this article is its novel perspective. In the past, the tragedy spirit was mostly discussed from the view of humanism. This article, however, starts from the relationship between western tragedy spirit and human justice and thus enables a natural but logical discussion. This provides both an excellent academic vision and a new methodology to understand the relationship between tragedy and justice. The second innovation lies in the level of axiology. This article combines the western tragedy production and rational reflection and proposes, in the horizon of human ontology, that tragedy spirit and its embodied enterprising forces have been driving the evolution of justice. The tragic spirit is a type of transcendent thinking, by which the finite human life could achieve infinity by means of noble virtues. The existential inspiration we could derive therefrom is that one could die, but he could never be defeated. The third innovation is the structure. The justice theory of the tragedy spirit is addressed from three respects, namely the occurrence theory, the form theory and the effect theory, corresponding respectively to its origin, procedure and result. This article mainly uses the methodology of documentary research, supplemented by the methodologies of comparative research, history and cultural research, systematic research, etc. It conducts a comprehensive survey on the history and current status of tragedy and justice and demonstrates their internal relationship. Of course, the tragedy and justice issue itself involves literature, history, politics, philosophy and other academic fields, and its inherent speculative relationship is complicated. Owning to the author＇s constraints of knowledge and capacity, this article dose not probe into the relationship between the aspects of art and philosophy in tragic spirit. This needs to be addressed by further studies.