明清陪祀恩贡制度小考

A Research of Worshiped Tribute Student in Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty

陪祀恩贡制度是明清时期皇帝在临雍视学或躬诣阙里祭祀孔子时对于圣贤后裔的一种恩典,由于各典籍对于该制度的记载或语焉不详或前后龃龉,有必要给以查证考实。通过考证,皇帝遣官行取衍圣公及各氏五经博士、族人赴京陪祀、观礼,始于明景泰二年;恩赐陪祀恩贡始于明天启五年;乾隆《曲阜县志》所引旧志稿即《曲阜志略不分卷》中的陪祀恩贡名额其实并不存在。另外各典籍存在的笔误也值得注意。

The system of Worshiped Tribute Student is a kind of grace to descendants of sages made by the Emperor when he inspect the the Imperial College and worship Confucius in Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty. Records related to this system is brief or inconsistent, so it is necessary to research it in depth. As a result of research, the emperor dispatch officials to invite Duke of Qufu, Academician of Confucian classics and other excellent family members to worship and attend the inspection ceremony started from the second year of Jingtai, and reward worshiped tribute student begin in the fifth year of Tianqi. In addition, the members appeared in the Qufu County Annals which cite the Qufu’s Brief History （no volume）are inexistent. Finally, much attention should also be paid to clerical errors turn up in the records.