基于多尺度的西安市新城市贫困空间分布特征及其形成原因

Feature and cause of spatial distribution of new urban poverty in Xi'an city based on multi-scale

西安市新城市贫困空间分布研究对转型期西安市反贫困具有重要意义。利用问卷调查法、访谈法、数理统计分析方法对西安市新城市贫困率进行测度,借助ArcGIS9.3软件从市、区和街道3级空间尺度分析西安市新城市贫困空间分布特征及其形成原因。结果表明:1)从市级层面来看,西安市新城市贫困空间呈现出"圈层放射+局部嵌套"分布规律,总体上呈现东北-西南向的空间分布格局;从区级层面来看,其他5个区包围位于城中心的新城区呈"漏斗"形分布状态;从街道层面来看,各街道新城市贫困区等级类型由重到轻呈现为"金字塔"形分布状态;三级层面上新城市贫困空间分布均呈现不均衡状态。2)影响新城贫困空间分布呈现不均衡状态的因素有:经济体制改革、社会福利改革、收入差距拉大、城市规划导向和社会空间结构的继承。

The research of spatial distribution of new urban poverty has important significance for sustainable development of Xi＇an city. We measured poverty rate of new urban poverty in Xi＇an city by questionnaire,interview method and mathematical statistics analysis method,and analyzed the spatial distribution and cause of new urban poverty based on municipal level,district level and street level by spatial analysis of GIS. The results showed that spatial distribution of new urban poverty in Xi＇an city showed a ＂ circle radiation ＋ partial nesting＂ distribution from municipal level,the direction of spatial distribution presented northeast- southwest. The other five districts surrounded new town district was ＂ funnel＂ shaped pattern from district level. The types of streets of new urban poverty from heavy to light rendered as ＂ pyramid＂ shaped distribution from street level. Spatial distribution of new urban poverty presented an unbalanced state on three levels. The imbalance factors of spatial distribution of new urban poverty included economic reform,income gap widening,social welfare reform,urban planning orientation and social spatial structure inheritances. The research of spatial distribution of new urban poverty in Xi＇an city had an important reference value to antipoverty. The spatial distribution of new urban poverty in Xi＇an city had dynamic variation because many factors.