基于能值分析的北京城市新陈代谢研究

Emergy analysis of urban metabolism in Beijing

城市新陈代谢系统是城市物质、能量、货币和人类劳动相互作用的自组织系统,其可持续发展水平的测度是学界和业界的热点问题。文中以能值理论为基础,通过城市新陈代谢系统能值结构、能值使用强度、能值环境压力和系统产出效率的测度,对城市新陈代谢系统的物质流、能量流、货币流和人口流进行综合集成。其研究结果表明:北京的城市新陈代谢系统能值构成中,进出口能值的增长已成为北京城市代谢系统能值消费上升的主要动力。随着北京能值使用强度的迅速攀升,进出口能值和不可再生资源能值增长的环境压力不断上升,系统能值产出效率和可持续性却在逐渐下降。面对着全球一体化背景下资源、能源的日渐短缺,北京应鼓励可再生资源能源的开采和利用,降低城市代谢系统经济社会发展的不可再生资源和能源消耗,建立废弃物资源和能源的再利用机制,推动北京城市新陈代谢效率的提升。

Urban metabolism is a self- organizing system within materials,energy,money and human labor flows,which is a hot topic in the area of urban sustainable development research. Based on the emergy theory,we analyzed the urban metabolic emergy system＇s structure,intensities,environmental pressures and output efficiencies. The conclusions are drawn that since 2001 to 2010,the import and export emergy growth contributed mostly to the emergy consumptions of Beijing metabolic system. Emergy use intensities of Beijing had increased with the rapid rise in the non- renewable resource emergy and import emergy,which resulted in the increasing environmental pressures and gradually declining of output efficiency and sustainability. Facing the growing resource and energy shortage,Beijing should encourage the exploitation and utilization of renewable resources and energy,increase the consumption efficiency of non- renewable resources and energy,establish the mechanism to re- use wastes of resources and energy to promote the urban metabolism in Beijing.