温度条件对辽宁南部玉米生长发育和产量的影响——以庄河分期播种试验为例

Effects of temperature on development and yield of spring maize in south Liaoning province

利用2012年庄河5期分期播种试验资料,分析温度条件对辽宁南部春玉米生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明:在光照和水分条件适宜情况下,玉米各生育期持续时间受温度条件影响较为明显,出苗、苗期及灌浆期随温度升高而缩短,其中出苗时间对日最低气温比日均温响应更为明显。玉米生长状态在营养生长阶段受温度影响较小,而产量形成过程因不同温度条件对干物质积累影响的差异而不同。产量形成不但取决于灌浆期积温,同时还受气温日较差和日最低气温的影响。对于庄河地区而言,适当晚播将有利于玉米各生育期经历更为适宜的温度条件进而提高产量。

Based on the data obtained by five sowing dates experiment in Zhuanghe in 2012,the effects of temperature on development and yield of spring maize in south Liaoning province were investigated. The result shows that durations of development stages were directly affected by air temperature under proper light and water conditions. Emerge was more sensitive to daily minimum air temperature than to daily mean air temperature,seeding and grain-filling stage were both shortening with air temperature increasing. Considering the LAI dynamic changes of different seeding dates,the growth status of corn plants was hardly influenced by air temperature in vegetative growth stage and showed obvious difference with discrepant effects of air temperature on dry matter accumulation in yield formation stages between seeding dates. However,yield formation owed to not only accumulated temperature but also daily temperature range and daily minimum temperature during filling stage. Altogether,for the region such as Zhuanghe where heat resource is abundant,delaying appropriately seeding will play an important role to make every development period meet with more suitable temperature conditions and then raise yield.