塔里木盆地天然胡杨林保护区的生态服务价值评估

Assessment of ecological service values for nature reserve of Populus euphratica in Tarim Basin

文中以分布于塔里木盆地的天然胡杨林为研究对象,使用影子工程法、机会成本法、水量平衡法、市场价值法等方法,对保护区内胡杨林的有机质生产、气候调节、土壤的形成与保护、水分调节(涵养水源)、对环境污染的净化、生物多样性的维持、以及娱乐文化价值7大类间接生态服务价值和木材产品、工业原料等两类直接生态服务价值进行了评估,并分析了结果,以其为减缓自然灾害、维护生态安全提供理论依据。结果表明:1)在塔里木盆地内,面积为39.54×104hm2的天然胡杨林保护区的生态系统服务价值平均为56.07×108元/年;2)研究区内胡杨林的间接服务价值为46.63×108元/年,直接服务价值为9.44×108元/年,直接服务价值约为间接服务价值的1/5;3)各项生态服务价值的大小顺序为:生产有机质>木材价值>净化环境>生物多样性维持>调节气候>土壤形成与保护>娱乐文化价值>水分调节>工业原料价值。塔里木盆地的胡杨林生态服务价值巨大,对社会经济的发展起着积极的促进作用,对塔里木河流域乃至整个盆地的综合治理极为重要。

Riparian Populus euphratica forest is endemic to the arid and desert areas of China,it plays an important role in maintaining the health and stability of arid ecosystems. In this study,we took the nature reserve of Populus euphratica in Tarim Basin as the object,and used some methods such as Shadow engineering,Opportunity cost method,Water Balance Method,and Market value method to evaluate the indirect service value including production of organic matter,climate regulation,soil formation and protection,water regulation,environment purification,biodiversity conservation,and the value of recreation and culture,and the direct service value including timber production and industrial raw material,and then calculated and analyzed the results of the assessment,in order to provide theoretical basis to mitigate natural disasters or maintain the ecological safety. The results of this study showed that：（ 1） the average service value of Populus euphratica forest system,which covers an area of 39. 54 × 104hm2 in the study region,has a value of 56. 07 × 108yuan·a- 1.（ 2） Indirect value of the Populus euphratica forest system is 46. 63 × 108yuan·a- 1,and the direct value which is about 1 /5 of indirect value is 9. 44 × 108yuan·a- 1.（ 3） The. order of ecosystem services value is： production of organic matter 〉timber production environment purification 〉biodiversity conservation 〉climate regulation〉 soil formation and protection〉 the value of recreation and culture 〉water regulation〉 industrial raw material. Populus euphratica forest system,which plays a positive role to the development of social economy,has a huge ecosystem service value. It is extremely important to the comprehensive management of Tarim River Basin,so far as the whole basin.