眼生物力学性质的测量技术与方法

Methods and Techniques for the Measurement of Biomechanical Properties of Eye Tissues

角膜与晶状体是眼的主要屈光成分,且均为不均匀、各向异性的生物粘弹性组织器官,其生物力学特性是保持眼正常形态与屈光功能的结构基础。针对角膜、晶状体的生物力学测量方法将为相关疾病的早期诊断及开发有效治疗策略提供新的思路。传统生物力学测量方法多数为有创的离体方式;而临床中仅有的在体测量仪器,其正确性与实用性尚需探讨。近年来,伴随光学先进技术手段的发展,如利用声辐射力结合超快激光技术或光学相干断层扫描技术等,期待能够在传统的测量方式上加以改进,从而实现对角膜、晶状体生物力学更加精确、实用的在体测量。本文着力于对该领域作一个全景式的概括,使相关人员通过阅读本文获得对该领域的整体把握。

Cornea and crystalline lens are the major refraction components of eyes.The cornea and lens exhibited inhomogeneous,anisotropic and viscoelastic characteristics.Quantitative measurement of this biomechanical properties of cornea and lens can facilitate the early diagnosis and creative strategy for related diseases.Traditional methods for measuring biomechanical properties of cornea and lens are almost invasive and in vitro.Moreover the accuracy and performance of the only few clinical instruments for corneal biomechanics measurements are still need to be proven further.Based on the improvement of the traditional methods with the rapid development of related optical techniques,such as the combination of ultrasound radiation force,ultrafast laser and optical coherence tomography technique,the biomechanical properties of cornea and lens can be potentially measured more efficient and accurate in vivo.In this review,a comprehensive generalization was summarized to introduce a general knowledge of this field.