国外人体器官捐献立法文献分析及对我国的启示

Analysis of the legislative literature of organ donation in foreign countries and enlightenment to our country

目的分析国外器官捐献的相关立法内容,借鉴其先进经验,为探索及完善我国器官移植法律制度提供参考。方法查阅中文数据库中国知网、英文数据库Science Direct和Springerlink,采用高级检索,输入中文关键词＂器官移植＂、＂器官捐赠＂并含＂立法＂,英文关键词Organ Transplantation、Organ donation和Laws或legislation等,搜索2000年1月~2014年11月所有相关文献,依据标准纳入符合本研究目的的文献。结果 3个数据库中检索得到相关文献1160篇,经筛选得到213篇,根据文章研究目的,阅读文献摘要或全文找出与器官移植立法等相关文献,最终纳入文献23篇。文献共涉及12个国家,且各国在器官移植方面均有不同程度的立法,主要内容包括脑死亡的判定、捐赠者同意、家属/代理人的决定作用、器官捐献的年龄限制、器官买卖、器官捐赠者的补偿等。结论我国应借鉴国外器官捐赠立法的先进经验,为我国器官移植相关法律制度的建立和完善提供参考。

Objective To analyze related legislation of organ donation in foreign countries, and learn their advanced experiences for exploring and improving the legal system of organ transplantation in China. Methods The database of CNKI, Science Direct and Springer link were referred with the advanced search, entered keywords of ＂transplant＂, ＂organ donor＂ and containing ＂legislation＂ or ＂law＂, and all related literatures were searched from January 2000 to November 2014, then integrated based on the objective of this study. Results 1160 literatures were identified in three databases and 213 literatures screened by reading the literature′s abstract or full text to find out the organ transplantation legislation and other related content, which 23 articles were included according to the objective of the study. All of the 12 countries in literatures had made laws and regulations in the organ transplantation, and the main contents included determination of brain death, donor′s consent, families′/agents′ decision, the age limit, the trade of organs and organ donor compensation. Conclusion Our country should learn from the advanced experience of foreign countries, to provide the reference for establishing and perfecting our country′s legislation of organ donation.