大连市某汽车4S店钣喷线职业病危害因素的调查与评价

Investigation and analysis on occupational hazard factors in sheet-metal spray paint workshop of a 4s automobile shop in Dalian City

目的通过对大连市某汽车4S店钣喷线职业病危害因素的调查,了解其产生的职业病危害因素及危害程度,提出相应的防护对策和措施,预防、控制职业病发生。方法采用现场职业卫生学调查和工作场所职业病危害因素检测相结合的方法进行分析评价。结果该汽车4S店生产期间钣喷线存在的主要职业病危害因素有电焊烟尘、其他粉尘、锰及其无机化合物、苯、甲苯、二甲苯等化学有害因素,紫外辐射、噪声、手传振动等物理因素。该项目化学有害因素浓度均符合接触限值的要求,合格率100%。其中调漆和喷漆岗位均未检出苯,喷漆岗位甲苯短时间接触浓度(CSTEL)最高值为0.6 mg/m3,调漆、喷漆岗位二甲苯浓度CSTEL最高值为0.6和3.0 mg/m3;钣金工接触的手传振动测量值为37.4m/s2,超出国家规定的职业接触限值;噪声、紫外辐射测量结果符合职业接触限值要求。结论该汽车4S店钣喷线采取的职业病危害防护措施较好,基本能达到国家有关法律、规范和标准的要求。职业病危害关键控制点为调漆和喷漆岗位,该项目应注意喷漆工序低浓度苯系物的职业病危害;为钣金工配备防振手套,为其他岗位配备相应的个人防护用品;按要求对不同工种工人进行上岗前、在岗期间和离岗前的职业健康检查,完善职业健康监护档案。

[Objective]To investigate the occupational hazard factors in sheet-metal spray paint workshop of a 4s automobile shop in Dalian City, analyze the degree of occupational hazards, put forward the protective measures, prevent and control the occupational diseases.[Methods]The analysis and evaluation were performed by the combination of the field occupational hygiene investigation and occupational hazard detection in workplace. [Results]The main occupational hazard factors existed in the sheet- metal spray paint workshop were chemical hazards and physical hazards, the former included welding fumes, other dust, manganese and its inorganic compounds, benzene, toluene and xylene, while included ultraviolet radiation, noise and hand transmitted vibration. The concentrations of chemical hazards did not exceed the exposure limits, with the qualified rates of 100%. The benzene was not detected in paint mixing post and spray paint post. The maximum concentration-short time exposure limit（CSTEL） of toluene in spray paint post was 0.6 mg/m3, while maximum CSrEL of xylene in paint mixing post and spray paint post was 0.6 mg/m3 and 3.0 mg/m3 respectively. The measured value of hand transmitted vibration in metalers was 37.4m/s2, which exceeded the occupational exposure limits of national regulation. The measured values of noise and uhraviolet radiation met the occupational exposure standards.[Conclusion]The protective measures against the occupational hazard factors in the sheet-metal spray paint workshop of the 4s automobile shop have achieved satisfactory results, and can reach the requirements of national laws and regulations basically. The critical control points of occupational hazards are paint mixing post and spray paint post. It is necessary to pay attention to the low concentration benzene series in spray paint process, provide the anti-vibration gloves for metalers and the appropriate personal protective equipment for other workers, carry out the occupational physical examination among workers of different work types before, during and after service, and perfect the occupational health surveillance archives.