上海市闵行区公共场所集中式空调军团菌污染状况及其血清型分布

Legionella contamination and serotype distribution in central air conditioning in public places of Minhang District of Shanghai

目的掌握上海市闵行区公共场所集中空调冷却水、冷凝水中军团菌污染状况及其血清型的分布情况。方法按《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》(2006)和DB 31/405-2008《公共场所空调通风系统运行卫生要求》于2011—2013年对该区40家单位的集中空调冷却水、冷凝水进行采样检测。结果抽检40家公共场所集中式空调水,军团菌检出率为43.92%(47/107),其中办公大楼检出率为52.94%,超市商场为43.18%,宾馆酒店为34.48%,三者之间的差异无统计学意义;共分离到嗜肺军团菌77株,其中同1份水样分离出2个以上血清型的比例为总检出的48.94%(23/47),以嗜肺军团菌血清型1型为主(51.95%),其次是嗜肺军团菌血清型7型(19.48%)。结论闵行区公共场所集中空调冷却塔存在较严重军团菌污染,菌型呈现多样性,但以嗜肺军团菌血清型1型为主。应加强集中空调通风系统清洗消毒和卫生监督。

[Objective]To understand the Legionella contamination and serotype distribution in cooling water and condensed water from central air conditioning in public places of Minhang District of 5hanghai.[Methods]According to the Hygienic specifications of central air conditioning ventilation system in public places （2006） and Hygienic requirements for the operation of central air conditioning ventilation system （DB 31/405-2008）, the cooling water and condensed water of central air conditioning were sampled and tested in 40 public places from 2011-2013. [Results]The detection rate of Legionella in water of central air conditioning in 40 public places was 43.92%（47/107）, while the detection rate of office buildings, supermarket shopping malls and hotels was respectively 52.94%, 43.18% and 34.48%, and the difference was not statistically significant. A total of 77 stains of Legionella pneumophila were isolated, and 48.94%（23/47） of water samples were identified with two or more serotypes, which was mainly serotype 1 of Legionella pneumophila （51.95%）, followed by serotype 7 of Legionella pneumophila （19.48%）. [Conclusion]There is serious Legionella contamination in cooling tower of central air conditioning in public places of Minhang District, and the serotype distribution shows diversity, but the serotype 1 of Legionella pneumophila is dominant. It is necessary to strengthen the cleaning, disinfection and hygiene supervision of central air conditioning ventilation system.