2011—2013年南昌铁路局旅客列车水质检测结果

Results of water quality detection in passenger trains of Nanchang Railway Bureau from 2011-2013

目的了解南昌铁路局管辖范围内旅客列车水质的卫生状况及其影响因素,为改善旅客列车水质提出建议。方法按照铁路疾病控制工作规范要求,对南昌铁路局开行的不同类型的86组旅客列车水箱进行采样,每组列车至少抽取5个车厢,覆盖餐车、卧铺、座车等不同种类车厢,合计采样423件,按照GB/T 5750-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准检验方法》进行检测。结果 423件样品中,合格288件,合格率为68.1%。2011、2012和2013年水质合格率分别为64.7%、69.6%、70.5%,不同年份合格率的差异无统计学意义。临客列车水质合格率为46.9%,图定列车水质合格率为75.9%,两者差异有统计学意义。普速列车水质合格率为67.9%,高速列车水质合格率为68.8%,两者差异无统计学意义。餐车、卧铺、座车水质合格率分别为83.9%、69.0%、63.4%,三者差异有统计学意义。春运期间水质合格率为88.5%,暑运期间水质合格率为51.1%,两者差异有统计学意义。所检项目中不合格指标有6项,分别为菌落总数、浑浊度、肉眼可见物、色度、耗氧量、总大肠菌群,合格率分别为76.6%、93.3%、95.7%、97.2%、98.8%、99.0%。结论南昌铁路局旅客列车水质合格率偏低,细菌总数超标是影响水质的重要原因,必须定期对列车水箱进行清洗消毒工作,尤其在暑运期间要重视消毒工作,应当强化运营前对列车水箱的冲洗,特别是对临客列车水箱的冲洗。

[Objective]To understand the sanitary conditions of water quality in passenger trains of Nanchang Railway Bureau, analyze the influencing factors, and put forward the suggestion for improving the water quality of passenger trains. [Methods]According to requirements of railway disease control standards, 423 water samples were collected from water tank of 86 passenger trains in Nanehang Railway Bureau, at least 5 carriages were sampled form each passenger train, including the dining carriage, couchette and semi-cushioned coach. The detection was performed according to the Standard examination methods for drinking water（GB/T 5750-2006）.[Results]288 of 423 water samples were qualified, with the qualified rate of 68.1%. The annual qualified rate in 2011, 2012 and 2013 was respectively 64.7%, 69.6% and 70.5%, and the difference was not statistically significant. The qualified rate of water quality in temporary passenger trains and fixed-route passenger trains was 46.9% and 75.9% respectively, and the difference was statistically significant. The qualified rate of water quality in ordinary- speed trains and high-speed trains was 67.9% and 68.8% respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant. The qualified rate of water quality in dining carriage, couchette and semi-cushioned coach was respectively 83.9% , 69.0% and 63.4%, and the difference was statistically significant. The qualified rate of water quality during the Spring Festival period and summer vacation was respectively 88.5% and 51.1%, and the difference was statistically significant. The unqualified indexes included total bacterial count, turbidity, visible material by bare eye, chroma, oxygen consumption and total coliform group, which the qualified rate was respectively 76.6%, 93.3%, 95.7%, 97.2%, 98.8% and 99.0%.[Conclusion]The qualified rate of water quality in passenger trains of Nanchang Railway Bureau is low, and the total bacterial count is the main factor influenced the water quality. It is necessary to carry out the cleaning and disinfection in water tank of passenger trains, especially during the summer vacation, and strengthen the cleaning and disinfection of water tank before service, especially temporary passenger trains.