煤泥浮选药剂研究现状及发展趋势

Status and development trend of coal slime flotation reagents

为提高煤泥浮选效果,实现浮选药剂的高效低耗,阐述了捕收剂、起泡剂、复合药剂和调整剂的分类、性能及应用情况,并对比分析了传统浮选药剂和新型浮选药剂的特点,最后对煤泥浮选药剂的发展趋势进行展望。结果表明:传统煤泥捕收剂存在药耗大、分散性差等缺点,通过乳化、引入极性基团等方法对传统捕收剂进行改性,可提高煤表面疏水性,增大油滴在水中的分散性,从而提高浮选效果。天然起泡剂和工业副产品起泡剂存在用量大、泡沫易碎、流动性差等缺点,人工合成起泡剂弥补了以上2种起泡剂的不足。复合药剂是集捕收性能、起泡性能于一体的多功能浮选药剂,具有浮选速度快、药耗少、使用方便等优点,但对煤质有一定选择性。未来应从研制低药耗、低成本浮选药剂,保证药剂使用方便、易于调节,注重绿色环保、实现废物利用3方面着手,开发高性能、低成本、低消耗、绿色环保、适应性强的新型浮选药剂。

In order to improve coal slime flotation efficiency and decrease flotation reagents consumption,the classification,characteristics and application of collector,frother,compound reagents and regulator were introduced.The traditional and new flotation reagents were compared.At last,the development of coal slime flotation reagents were forecasted.The results showed that,the disadvantages of traditional flotation reagent were high consumption and poor dispersibility.Its hydrophobicity and dispersibility could be improved by emulsifying or introducing polar groups.The consumption of natural frother and industrial by- product frother were large,the bubble was fragile,the liquidity was poor.The synthetic frother covered the above shortages.With the frothering and collecting properties,the compound reagent had the advantages of less consumption,faster flotation speed and easier operation,while they had less effects on some coal.At last,the paper pointed out that,the low consumption and cost,high properties,environment friendly flotation reagents were the key of research in the future.