煤直接液化残渣萃取技术现状及发展趋势

Status and development progress of direct coal liquefaction residue extraction technologies

为实现煤液化残渣的高效利用,分析了煤直接液化残渣特性,论述了煤直接液化残渣经萃取提取高附加值有机物,如沥青和重油的研究现状,阐述了煤直接液化残渣萃取溶剂的种类、萃取工艺条件的选择以及萃取物的性能和用途等,提出了煤直接液化残渣萃取技术的发展趋势。采用合适的萃取剂和萃取条件可从液化残渣中萃取出制备沥青的原料和可作为液化循环溶剂使用的油分,萃取剂可包括各种已知的常规萃取溶剂及其混合物、离子液复合萃取剂和各种煤液化或石化馏分油,萃取出的沥青类物质可制备高级碳材料,特别是碳纤维材料,萃取出的油分可用作煤液化循环溶剂或燃料。提出未来应开发针对煤直接液化残渣的高效、低廉的新型有机溶剂萃取剂,研究多步或多级萃取工艺,实现萃取工艺的进一步优化和简化,形成萃取工艺和其他工艺,如加氢裂化工艺和加氢精制工艺结合的复合工艺。

In order to utilize coal liquefaction residue efficiently,the properties of direct coal liquefaction residue（ DCLR） was analyzed and the research of direct coal liquefaction residue extraction technologies were introduced.The main products were asphalt and heavy oil.The types of extraction organic solvent,selection of extracting process,characteristics and applications of extracted matter from DCLR were investigated.Meanwhile,the development trend of DCLR utilization process was finally proposed.The results showed that,with the right extraction solvent under proper condition,the oil,which was the raw material of asphalt and could be used as cycle solvent,was extracted.The extraction solvent included various traditional extraction organic solvent and mixture of them,ionic liquid composite extraction solvent and various oil fractions from coal liquefaction and petrochemical.The extracted asphalt could be applied to prepare advanced carbon material,especially high quality carbon fiber material. The extracted oil could be applied as fuel or recycling solvent for direct coal liquefaction. It pointed out that the research of high efficient and low price new organic extraction solvent,multi-step or multi-grade extraction process,composite process including extraction process and hydrocracing process or hydrofining process were the focus of DCLR utilization.